Healthy gum tissue fits like a cuff around each tooth. Pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis intechopen. This work aimed to synthesize the results of recent metaanalysis focusing on polymorphism in inflammatory mediators and its relation with the risk of periodontitis development. Introduction pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. White paper on prevention and management of periodontal. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. Pd is multifactorial, with significant involvement of host, environment, and bacterial factors. Periodontitis, a chronic oral infectious disease, appears to occur as a result of a dysregulated host immune response elicited by subgingival microorganisms occurring in the dental biofilm. New interactions between periodontal disease and other systemic disorders have been the object of research in recent years. Lee 11 virus and periodontal disease involvement of herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus, hcmv and epsteinbarr virus, ebv genomes of hcmv and ebv occur at high frequency in aggressive, hivassociated, anug, and advanced type periodontitis associated with medical disorders. Periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is a globally widespread pathology of the human oral cavity. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases flashcards quizlet.
Dumitrescu etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. Periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, atheroma, oral pathogens, actinobacillus actinomyc. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In the vast majority of cases, however, there are little to no outward clinical signs of the disease process, and, therefore, therapy often comes very late in the disease course. Whereas the activity of periodontal pathogens is required, their presence is not sufficient to account for the initiation and progression of periodontal. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease bio accent. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of specific. Adjunctive treatment modalities are also addressed in the book. Therefore, periodontitis is the most severe and important kind of the periodontal diseases. The last 10 to 15 years have seen the emergence of several important new findings and concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in. New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease antonio bascones, md, dds, phdvjorge gamonal, dds, phdmaria gomez, phdv augusto silva, phdvmiguel angel gonzalez, md, dds, the aim ot this study was to evaiuate the relationship between tbe accumulation of interleukins il1. Abstract the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex. Most of the experimental and clinical studies ensure that a positive association between periodontal disease and heart disease has been found, once the confounder factors have been eliminated.
The other, more serious, form of gum disease is called. The first is called gingivitis, which is mild inflammation of the gums. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Start studying pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Start studying epidemiology of periodontal diseases.
New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of. Periodontal perryodontal disease is an infection that affects the tissues and bone that support teeth. Journal of dental hygiene supplement to adha access periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal epithelium provides a physical barrier to infection and has an active role in the innate host defense, because the epithelial cells are in constant contact with bacterial products 6. Their data suggested that cellmediated immunity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease 14. After that the bacterial activation of immuno inflammatory mechanisms, environmental. Development of a classification system for periodontal. Pdf causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease flashcards quizlet. Thus, the pathogenesis of periodontal disease lesions is in part dependent upon the virulence as well as the presence and concentrations of microorganisms capable of producing disease. Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease those results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. The current concept concerning the etiology of periodontal disease considers 3 groups of factors which determine whether active periodontal disease will occur.
Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontal disease and its systemic associated diseases. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases scielo. Periodontal disease is a complex, multifactorial disease that occurs in periodontal tissue 8, and most studies on the causes of periodontal diseases have mainly focused on the dominant bacteria.
The human oral cavity harbors a substantial and continuously evolving load of microbial species. A systematic search was conducted using databases for publications prior to october 2016. Concepts of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The research focuses on identifying the pathogenassociated molecular pattern molecules pamps and virulence factors as well as host immune responses to these microbial products. Biological concepts for clinicians pdf author nagihan bostanci isbn 3319537350 file size 1. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease is strongly influenced by the interplay of hostparasite interaction as well as the host response to the irritating factor. Clinically, during periodontitis, the epithelium migrates along the radicular surface, with insertion loss, increased pocket depth, and bone crest loss, which can lead to tooth loss 15, 16.
Observations regarding periodontal disease treatment in dog larisa schuszler, roxana dascalu, adelina proteasa, daniel bumb, cornel igna banats university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine king michael i of romania timisoara, 119 calea aradului, 300645, timisoara. However, a clear causeandeffect relationship has not been demonstrated between treatment of periodontal disease and improvement of atherosclerotic diseases or outcomes. You dont have to lose teeth to periodontal diseases. If you have been told you have periodontal gum disease, youre not alone. Chronic adult periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. According to merriam websters collegiate dictionary, the word pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. Periodontal disease pd is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases this informational paper was prepared by the research, science, and therapy committee of the american academy of periodontology, and is intended for the information of the dental profession. The term periodontal disease in its strictest sense refers to both gingivitis and periodontitis. Muna s elburki 2018 the etiology and pathogenesis of. Three examiners extracted data from articles with a clear association between. Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease. After recognition and presentation of microbes to the appropriate cells, cytokines of the innate response, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin1beta and interleukin6, are the first to appear in the periodontal disease pathogenesis pathways.
Lee 2 dental plaque biofilm infection ecological point of view ecological community evolved for survival as a whole complex community of more than 400 bacterial species dynamic equilibrium between bacteria and a host defense adopted survival strategies favoring growth in plaque selection of pathogenic bacteria among microbial community. One such interaction is the possible modification of periodontal disease patterns in patients with sjogrens syndrome. If you use tobacco, ask your dentist or physician for information about how to successfully stop the habit. Indeed, approximately 10% of the global adult population is highly vulnerable to severe. To describe the prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases in children and adults. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge relating to the pathogenesis of. Oct 18, 2015 etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. Periodontal diseases as bacterial infection introduction the term infection is used to refer to the presence and multiplication of microorganisms in the body 1. There is little doubt that immunological mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal. Parashar a, sanikop s, zingade a, parashar s, gupta s 2015 virus associated periodontal diseases.
These deposits can be readily visualised with vegetable or synthetic dyes in disclosing solutions, and can become calci. Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection of the periodontium and that bacteria are the primary etiology agents in periodontal disease. Jan 18, 2018 these elevated markers have clear association with vascular disease, so treatment of periodontal disease may theoretically have an impact on cad and ischemic cns disease. Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the occurrence of a disease. These elevated markers have clear association with vascular disease, so treatment of periodontal disease may theoretically have an impact on cad and ischemic cns disease. It is a stepbystep process that leads to the development of a disease, resulting in a series of changes. Tobacco contains chemicals that can slow the healing process. It may form on teeth, mucosa or other solid surfaces. It is a stepbystep process that leads to the development of a disease, resulting in a series of changes in the structure and function. We have no conflict of interest related to this work. It is generally accepted that periodontitis is initiated. The first challenge is to understand exactly what is meant by the term pathogenesis.
The periodontal disease is conformed by a group of illnesses affecting the. Etiology of periodontal diseases my dental hygiene education. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease kinane. Jan 01, 2016 a model of the pathogenesis of periodontitis based on systems biology approaches should allow investigators to better communicate the interrelatedness of various biologic components involved in the initiation and resolution of disease. The role of immune system in the development of periodontal. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. However, a clear cause and effect relationship has not been demonstrated between treatment of periodontal disease and improvement of atherosclerotic diseases or outcomes. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care. Destructive periodontal disease columbia university. Periodontal disease and diabetes what is periodontal disease. In mid1960 s human and animal experimental evidence demonstrated the critical role of bacteria in the initiation of gingivitis and periodontitis which led to a clear concept of pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis there is a wide variability in terms of progression in different subjectsindividuals.
In the presence of active disease, the epithelial migration causes a deep periodontal pocket. Models of periodontal pathogenesis pushpa latha t1, satyanarayana d2, rajababu p3, vikram reddy g4 abstract. Journal of dental hygiene supplement of dental hygiene. Mar 22, 2014 periodontal disease pd is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of humans. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Periodontal disease is the most commonly diagnosed problem in small animal veterinary medicine. Topics covered range from microbial pathogenic factors of p. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease request pdf. Periodontal disease is the scientific name used to describe gum disease. Get 50% off quizlet plus through monday learn more. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in primary care 7 management of patients with dental implants 51 7. Section 2 goes on to detail the aetiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, describing the process of inflammatory response to pathogenic oral biofilms. Informational paper the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
Early histopathological observations described linear model of pathogenesis in periodontal disease. Clearly, periodontitis histopathological appearance of the periodontal is the most significant of these diseases because it tissues and disease susceptibility. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases dania al agili, bds, ms, mph, drph cd 633 january 2009 lecture objectives 1. To know the definitions of prevalence and incidence in periodontitis. Brush, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, avoid tobacco and schedule regular. Sep 27, 2017 periodontal disease, or periodontitis, is a globally widespread pathology of the human oral cavity. Treating periodontal diseases american dental association.
A and m in the serum and saliva of patients with periodontal disease. Open access scientific reports scientific reports pen ccess volume 1 issue 4 2012. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of. While the burden of periodontal disease on oral health has been extensively investigated, a possible specific relationship between the disease and systemic health is a relatively new area of interest. Periodontal disease is a group of illnesses located in the gums and dental support structures ligament and alveolar bone and are produced by certain bacteria.
When someone has periodontal disease, the gum tissue. Periodontal disease is the numberone cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. Most patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease can be adequately managed in primary. Evaluation of periodontal disease is less specific. Understanding periodontal pathogenesis is key to improving management strategies for this common, complex disease. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases pocket dentistry. Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis tulay yucellindberg and tove bage periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium involving interactions between bacterial products, numerous cell populations and inflammatory mediators. This book aims to provide clinicians with a refined understanding of the biology that underlies periodontal. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases request pdf.